Estudo, dimensionamento e simulação de uma microrrede aplicada à irrigação agrícola

Abstract

This study presents the analysis, sizing, and simulation of a photovoltaic microgrid applied to agricultural irrigation, with emphasis on the integration of solar power generation, variable frequency drives with vector control, and energy management strategies. The motivation for this research arises from the need to supply energy demand in rural áreas located far from the Brazilian National Interconnected System (SIN), proposing a technically feasible, sustainable, and economically competitive alternative to the conventional expansion of electrical distribution networks. The adopted methodology includes the determination of the hydraulic and energy demand of the studied properties, the hydraulic and electrical sizing of the irrigation systems, and the computational modeling of the system using PSIM and PV*SOL software environments. The proposed microgrid consists of a photovoltaic power plant with calculated oversizing, a battery energy storage system, a diesel generator, and WEG CFW900 variable frequency drives equipped with the Pump Genius function, operating under PID control and a cost-oriented energy source prioritization logic. The results demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of the proposed solution, indicating high operational reliability and a payback period of less than seven years. The energy management strategy proved effective by prioritizing photovoltaic generation and battery storage, significantly reducing the need for diesel generator operation and decreasing dependence on the conventional power grid. It is concluded that the proposed microgrid is capable of ensuring irrigation continuity even under energy supply constraints, contributing to the reduction of fossil fuel consumption, mitigation of drought-related losses, and increased energy autonomy in rural properties located in regions with high solar irradiance, such as the state of Goiás.