Otimização da operação de sistemas de distribuição considerando reconfiguração dinâmica

Abstract

The continuous growth in electricity consumption, driven by industrial expansion and technological advancement, imposes new challenges on the operation of distribution systems, particularly with regard to energy efficiency and the maintenance of supply quality. In this context, network reconfiguration techniques emerge as effective alternatives to improve the electrical and operational performance of these systems. This work proposes an optimization methodology applied to the dynamic reconfiguration of distribution networks, based on the integration between MATLAB and OpenDSS environments. The methodology employs a Genetic Algorithm as a search tool, responsible for determining optimal sequences of switching configurations over a daily operating horizon. The optimization process jointly considers electrical indicators such as ohmic losses, voltage profile, and voltage unbalance factor, incorporating penalty terms based on the power quality limits established by PRODIST. In addition to electrical penalties, the study introduces different levels of switching penalties, allowing the evaluation of the impact of operational constraints on the optimal solutions obtained. The tests were carried out on standardized distribution systems adapted to include additional switching devices, enabling a broader analysis of the algorithm’s behavior under topological changes. The results demonstrate that the genetic algorithm is capable of adapting its solutions according to the adopted penalty level, promoting loss reduction and improvements in power quality indicators when greater operational flexibility is available, while prioritizing stability and minimizing switching operations in more restrictive scenarios. Therefore, the proposed methodology proves to be an effective decision-support tool for the analysis and operation of electric power distribution systems.