Análise temporal das fragilidades ambientais na área de influência direta da usina hidrelétrica Corumbá IV, no estado de Goiás

Abstract

The implementation of a reservoir for supply fins in a hydroelectric plant is a large civil work that can cause interference in the natural conditions of the physical environment. These anthropic actions within its other areas cause serious problems of a geographic space and the natural need to study which characteristics through the vulnerabilities of these environments. From this, the work has as a diagnostic diagnosis the environmental plant before and after the construction of the Corumbá IV plant, in Goiás, in order to make a comparative hydroelectric analysis of what this area was like before the construction of this project, in which it was likely to be , in a sustainable way, that is, in a stable way, with potential, where the natural ways are natural for the system to be able to make the system be able to emerge to the human environment. For this study, the methodological proposal of Crepani et al., (2001) of the environmental ones was used, based on remote sensing data and geoprocessing techniques, which stood out mainly as a relevant support tool, when using geographic information systems, being applied to ecological-economic zoning and territorial planning, in order to prepare cartographic maps. The potential fragility was generated through map algebra, from the fragility of slope, hypsometry, pedology, rainfall, geology and geomorphology data. Images from the Landsat – 5 Sensor TM and Landsat – 8 Sensor OLI satellites were used to map land use and vegetation cover, in order to understand the dynamics of land use and vegetation cover in the years 2004 and 2020. The emerging fragility was created from the superposition of maps of potential fragility with maps of fragility of land use and vegetation cover, for 2004 and 2020. The results showed that there is a predominance of the medium fragility class with 57.76% in 2004 and 59.76 % in 2020 for potential fragility, due to the terrain presenting smooth and wavy reliefs, presenting rocks with medium fragility to erosion and morphometries where they represent shapes of convex tops or small interfluvial planes and channels with little and medium notched. As for emerging fragility, in 2004 it was 49.87% and in 2020 it was 37.64% of the entire basin area, represented by intensive livestock and marking a transition from land occupation from pasture to agriculture. In addition, the increase in the degree of high and very high fragility emerging within the area is related to agricultural expansion and the growth of urban areas, in addition to the settlement around the reservoir with the construction of farm condominiums, confirming the need for precautions and use of conservationist conducts in relation to land use.