Análise espacial do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica ( IDEB ) das escolas municipais de Aparecida de Goiânia-GO

Abstract

Aparecida de Goiânia-GO is a municipality in the state of Goiás that has been recognized for its industrial and population growth. The 2010 census estimated a total population of 455,657 people and the estimate for 2018 was 565,957 inhabitants, a significant increase of 24%. Because of this, there are growing demands in the area of services for the population, therefore requiring improvements in the city's infrastructure sectors. Within the demand for educational infrastructure, schools have an unquestionable role. All municipalities have a great demand in the area of education and it is a challenge to serve everyone with quality education. In 2007, IDEB was created, which is the development index of basic education and has the function of measuring the quality of education offered. The intention of this research is to show if there are spatial relationships between IDEB in the Municipality of Aparecida de Goiânia and socio-economic and environmental variables, using tools of Geographic Database, Geographic Information System, Data Mining, Digital Image Processing and Geostatistics. Information from the 2010 Census, School Census 2018, risk data from the municipality and satellite images were used. A database was created for spatial queries within a GIS environment; an environmental comfort map using digital image processing techniques; non-spatial relationships using data mining; and exploratory analyzes using spatial correlation analysis techniques. The miner APRIORI found relationships between IDEB, income and sewage. Spatial analyzes showed that families with the highest income are grouped in the northern region of the city where it borders on the city of Goiânia. The exploratory analysis for the approach using data only from the sectors where schools exist, Classical Regression was the most reliable. For the approach using all Sectors, the most reliable regression was Spatial Lag.