Análise comparativa teórico-experimental entre as principais topologias utilizadas em aterramentos elétricos

Abstract

For the validation of concepts related to electrical grounds, it is extremely important to carry out tests and practical analyzes. Therefore, this work aims to carry out a theoreticalexperimental comparative analysis between the classic topologies of electrical grounds: aligned rods, triangle, square and circumference. For the development of the study, the work is divided into seven stages, among which there is the theoretical basis, field measurements and soil stratification, computer simulations, practical implementation, resistance measurements of the grounding systems, theoretical-experimental comparative analysis and conclusions. Through the study of each topology it is possible to verify the influence of factors such as spacing, quantity, length and diameter of the rods. Through the results obtained, expectations were met. The discrepancy between theoretical and experimental results was due to climatic conditions (temperature and humidity) of the soil, existence of hydraulic and electrical pipes in the studied terrain, imperfections of alignment and distances of the rods of each mesh, in addition to the existence of many stones and possible termite mounds internal to the ground. Among the studied topologies, the system developed in circumference presented the best theoretical and experimental results, when compared to the other developed topologies.