A construção da argumentação no ensino de ciências por investigação visando a promoção da alfabetização científica

Abstract

We propose to discuss in this paper as is the construction of arguments and sort the indicators of Scientific Literacy. We analyze the speech of students in the fourth grade of elementary school of a private school in the city of Jataí - Goiás. The researcher proposed a research activity to foster discussions. This work was inspired by a series of fifteen videos of the Research Laboratory of Physics Education, Faculty of Education at USP (LaPEF). We inspire in the video "The problem of the basket". Our goal was to make the students understand the relationship between the release height of the balls and reach. Students should report with writings and speeches as performed the experiment. We adopt benchmarks that address the indicators of Scientific Literacy and its reasoning levels to analyze the speeches and writings of students. We were careful in observing the utterances produced by the students and the construction of collective explanations for the experiment conducted. We have identified the presence of several indicators of Scientific Literacy in the speeches of the students and their written records. We observe frequently the use of information organization indicator, explanation and justification and raise hypotheses. The experiment added many contributions to science education. He led the development of personal initiative and encouraged the student to propose hypotheses for troubleshooting or to think and provide explanations for the observed phenomena. Students were encouraged to make decisions and express their ideas to the group. The experiment also stimulated creativity. Students reflected on the actions taken and the results obtained. The contextualization of activity made the students realize that science is part of their daily lives. Our product is an apparatus comprising a rail and two balls of different sizes and a set of guidelines. In this book there is a step by step on the construction of the apparatus, the goals of its use and guidelines for using it in a class with an investigative approach.