Localização de faltas em linhas de transmissão utilizando ondas viajantes, transformada de Clarke e transformada de Wavelet

Abstract

This study presents the analysis of a fault location method in transmission lines based on the traveling wave theory, combined with signal processing techniques using the Clarke Transform and the Wavelet Transform. The study was developed through simulations performed in ATPDraw software, considering different fault types, fault locations along the line, and fault resistance values. Two distinct transmission line configurations were analyzed, corresponding to delta self-supporting towers and guyed monopole towers, in order to evaluate the influence of line geometry on the performance of the algorithm. The signals obtained from the simulations were processed in the MATLAB environment, enabling the identification of the arrival instants of traveling waves at a selected terminal of the circuit, as well as the calculation of the fault distance relative to this terminal. The results obtained from the simulations and calculations demonstrated that the method presents good accuracy, with errors generally below 1%, as well as relative robustness with respect to variations in fault resistance. It was also observed that the algorithm performance is influenced by the type and location of the fault along the line, with three-phase faults showing the smallest variation in errors across the different analyzed scenarios, indicating greater stability and consistency in the obtained results. The comparative analysis between tower configurations showed that line geometry impacts the behavior of traveling waves and, consequently, the accuracy of fault location, with the delta self-supporting configuration presenting more uniform results along the line. Thus, the results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of applying the method in fault location studies, contributing to the development of faster, more accurate, and more reliable techniques for electric power systems.