Taxas de aprovação no ensino fundamental em Goiás: análise multivariada com base nos indicadores regionais

Abstract

This study analyzed the approval rates in Elementary Education in the municipalities of the state of Goiás for the years 2013, 2019, and 2023, through the application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The approach made it possible to identify regional patterns and groupings of municipalities with similar or divergent behaviors over the years. The results suggest a trend toward the homogenization of approval rates in 2023, indicating the positive impact of public investments in educational infrastructure, teacher appreciation programs, and the expansion of higher education—particularly through the strengthening of undergraduate teaching programs offered by institutions such as UFG, IFG, IF Goiano, and UEG. The analysis also points out that socioeconomic factors, such as the Human Development Index (HDI) and access to federal programs like PDDE, REUNI, and PARFOR, help explain the regional disparities observed. Thus, the study reinforces the importance of integrated and territorialized educational policies to overcome inequalities in school performance.