Análise do desempenho de sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede com base em índices de mérito

Abstract

Power generation through renewable sources (FRE) has gained important highlight in the world, both in developed countries, such as the USA, Germany, Japan and Italy, as well as in developing countries, such as China, Mexico, India and Brazil. FRE are already an alternative capable of generating electricity without harming the environment. Among FRE’s, the solar source is gaining more and more prominence. The development of solar photovoltaic technology consists of the direct conversion of sunlight into electrical energy, unlike solar thermal systems, which are used to carry out heating, has become increasingly present in urban environments. In this context, with the modernized technology presented in renewable energy generation equipment, especially photovoltaic solar energy, it allows for a good energy production yield in the long term, in around 25 years, photovoltaic panels have an estimated loss of only 20%, that is, there is an estimated 0.75% efficiency loss of photovoltaic modules per year. Market manufacturers work with guarantees that their modules will remain at more than 80% of their original efficiency at the end of 25 years. Despite the advances already made, especially with regard to the cost of the SFCR components, many challenges still need to be overcome so that the inclusion of this energy source in the Brazilian energy matrix becomes more significant and more efficient. Efficiency losses in SFCR are generally caused due to orientation, shading, horizon line, temperature, incompatibility, dirt, dc cables, ac cables and inverter. Therefore, this work aims to specifically analyze different photovoltaic systems connected to the grid, not regarding the energy production yield as well as the merit indices to evaluate the individual performance of the SFCR's.