Estudo sobre turbinas hidráulicas Pelton com exercício de análise em corrente contínua em uma turbina didática Pelton

Abstract

Playing an essential role in converting water's potential energy into mechanical energy, turbines are widely used in generating electricity in hydroelectric plants. Among the various types of hydraulic turbines, Pelton turbines stand out because they are specifically designed to operate at high water heads and low flows. This work aimed to explore the characteristics, operation, applications and advantages of Pelton turbines, demonstrating their relevance in generating sustainable energy. The theoretical part of the work was carried out through research and analysis of documents, records and other sources, and for the practical part, the Pelton teaching turbine available in the renewable sources laboratory was used. Therefore, the practical exercise consisted of plotting the power-speed curve of the Pelton teaching turbine and measuring the voltage, current and power values provided by the turbine that fed the batteries and loads also available in the laboratory together with all the instruments necessary to perform such analysis. The results demonstrated the importance of precise control of flow and speed to optimize energy generation, highlighting the applicability of this type of turbine in small and large systems.