Análise dos impactos da inserção de veículos elétricos em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica com consideração de geração fotovoltaica

Abstract

The predominance of non-renewable energy sources in the global energy matrix has led to severe environmental impacts, such as increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and global warming. In this context, sustainable initiatives have promoted the adoption of renewable energy sources and innovative technologies like electric mobility. Electric vehicles (EVs) emerge as a viable alternative to replace internal combustion engines (ICEs), contributing to reduced GHG emissions, enhanced energy efficiency, and lower operational costs. Additionally, EVs can function as distributed energy resources (DERs), supporting the planning and operation of power distribution systems (PDS) through smart grids. This study integrates EV modeling as batteries in OpenDSS to evaluate their positive impacts on PDS, including peak load reduction. Expanding the scope, the research also explores the synergy between EVs and photovoltaic (PV) systems, emphasizing their ability to store excess daytime energy and return it to the grid during peak hours (V2G). The integration of these technologies has the potential to strengthen PDS resilience and mitigate socio-economic and environmental challenges, requiring detailed analyses to ensure operational security and efficiency.