Cadastramento de processos erosivos das regiões: noroeste, nordeste e sudeste da cidade de Anápolis (GO)

Abstract

Soil is the product of the synthesis of other elements of the physical environment, such as climate, rock and relief. Arrangement of these elements presents a contribution that can be potentiated by use and impacts in forms of updating, inundation, flooding and silting. The city of Anápolis in the state of Goiás has its urban area decided by these processes. Thirteen erosion processes were registered in the northwest, northeast and southeast regions of the metropolitan region of the city of Anápolis. This field research sought to contribute to studies of soil erosion control and recovery, aiming at the importance of the erosion registry. The location was obtained to search for survey sheets and thirteen each identification sheet, making the search to obtain the identification sheets. The map of Anápolis was created with the georeferenced locations of the research areas through the Spring Software using the Atlas database. It used the georeferenced map of Anápolis in (.dwg) format where the perimeters of the city area were incorporated. In this same format (.dwg) it was inserted as areas of erosion: marginal erosions, ravines and gullies. A script was developed in AutoCAD Civil 3D to automate the marking of the areas with the identification of the processing each time. Then, an action profile was created using AutoCAD Civil 3D in order to reveal a real terrain. To help fill in the data (maps) geology, geology, pedology and drainage with morphology data from the State Geoinformation System of the State of Goiás with geomorphology, pedology and statistics data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. It was observed through field research consequent increase in impact generating great energy and increased speed of rain in rainy seasons. There is a need for micro-drainage and macro-drainage to improve the waters due to the rainy season. Note that two of the research areas have extensive works, such as Vila Formosa and Santa Maria de Nezareth, and that in the latter about 80\% of the work was destroyed during the rainy season, requiring repairs. It was found that in relation to the main problem of the causes of erosion for the runoff and rainwater gallery, the use of capacity dissipators is being used in order to protect the force of water during the rainy season. It was noticed the lack of recovery of the riparian forest to contain the erosive process and protect the surface layer of the soil. It is evident the construction of palisades downstream of the unused profiled ravine for economy and protection of the slopes used against the water flow adjustment mechanisms that prevent the deepening of furrows and the longitudinal of the soil and, performing the sedimentation task, starting to do the task of sedimentation soil, filling in the sedimentation feature and colonization process. The formation of a consistent database and a combination of consistent elements and correspondence of basic characteristics of the environment and this information of correspondence of a database of correspondence, of execution of possible works.