Eclipses: uma sequência didática inspirada pela aprendizagem significativa no Ensino Fundamental

Abstract

Astronomy is a field of human interest and study since the beginning of the existence of human societies. In this work, although we do not talk about Astronomy as a Science, we recognize the influence it has on our society, which is perceived not only throughout human history but also on the current social body. In the field of educational research, although there are several studies on teaching and learning astronomical content and knowledge, it is assumed that it is still necessary to explore this topic, especially in the first phase of elementary school. Therefore, through the general objective of understanding how the proposed didactic sequence can contribute to mediating the teaching of contents inserted in the area of astronomy in the early years of Elementary School and propose didactic strategies that can promote understanding on the subject , we built this work going through the following steps inserted in the methodological route: carrying out a literature review on the subject, planning and implementing a workshop on conceptual maps and developing, performing and analyzing a didactic sequence on the theme “Eclipses”. We have as theoretical foundation of this research the Meaningful Learning Theory (MLT). The literature review on Teaching Astronomy in Elementary School aimed to select works, in certain research directories, that dealt with the aforementioned theme between 2016 and 2021. Inserted in the Didactic Sequence and with the purpose of substantiating it, we organized and we held a Conceptual Maps workshop that took place in four meetings, during the last two weeks of June 2022. The Didactic Sequence took place in six meetings, which totaled ten classes, which took place in September 2022. It is a mixed methodological research, in which it was conducted through collections and analyzes using qualitative and quantitative techniques. Through the data collected with the aid of audio and video recorders, notes, observations, questionnaires and activities applied in the field research, we carried out an analysis through the concepts used by the students in the conceptual maps and illustrations of the Eclipse phenomenon, in order to verify their learning, seeking evidence of significant learning.