Estudo de caso da Lei 14.300 na viabilidade econômica de projeto de geração distribuída fotovoltaica para consumidor do grupo A.

Abstract

This study conducts a case study of Law 14,300 to assess the economic viability of a photovoltaic distributed generation project for Group A consumers. The overall objective is to identify the main impacts of this law on the economic feasibility of the project. To achieve this, the study conceptualizes Group A consumers, contracted demand adjustments, and Distributed Generation (DG), discusses the legal framework of DG (Law 14,300), simulates the power of an ideal photovoltaic system to meet the entire consumption of the selected unit, and analyzes the economic viability of a photovoltaic distributed generation project for Group A consumers. The justification for this study lies in the significant role played by distributed generation in the Brazilian electricity matrix, promoting the use of renewable sources, reducing consumers' energy bills, mitigating environmental impact, generating employment, and contributing to tax revenue. This study is an exploratory and descriptive research, based on secondary sources and a qualitative and quantitative approach. The results demonstrate that efficient management of electricity with contracted demand adjustments can reduce energy costs by approximately R$ 3,664.07, representing a decrease of 3.084% per year. Additionally, the selection of appropriate methods and software to simulate photovoltaic energy generation resulted in savings of approximately R$ 527,280.96 in investment costs, corresponding to a reduction of 21.37%. The analysis of billing groups established by Law 14,300 indicated that investing in photovoltaic distributed generation is still viable. In the first group, financial returns range from 5.27 to 5.34 years, with energy bill savings between 78.05% and 79.06%. As for the second group, the financial returns and positive cash flow would start from the sixth year.