Estudo de caso do processo de torneamento de um acoplamento agrícola de aço SAE 1020

Abstract

Machining is a manufacturing process that basically consists of removing material from a raw part (raw material), in order to define its shape according to pre-conceived projects, using cutting tools. This process is widely used and, for its use on an industrial scale to be viable, it is necessary to analyze mainly the wear of the cutting tool, the finishing of the piece in each process (since on several occasions more than one process for manufacturing a part) and its production speed, considering the order of different machining processes and the time invested in each part of the production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of varying the cutting speed and feed parameters in the machining of mechanical wheel hubs produced in SAE 1020 steel. comparing the manufacturing process using a CNC machine versus manufacturing using only a conventional lathe. From this comparison, a considerable reduction in machining time was observed with the inclusion of the CNC lathe in the process, since the machine performs complex movements in an automated way, and is able to maintain a constant cutting speed, changing only the rotation of the axis tree during face milling of the part. In addition, tests were carried out in the laboratory, with the aim of visually verifying the behavior of the electric current of the machine in the process of facing a metallic disk (steel ABNT 1020). The tests were carried out by varying the parameters of rotation and cutting feedrate, which made it possible to verify the decreasing behavior of the current drained by the machine according to the removal of material. It was also possible to infer that the rotation, to the detriment of the cutting speed, was the parameter responsible for the increase in the value of the drained current, consequently in the cutting power required by the machine.