Dia e noite: uma sequência de ensino investigativo para a iniciação à alfabetização científica de alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental

Abstract

The Investigative Teaching Sequence (SEI) is a set of activities designed to enable the student to become aware of a problem and be encouraged to seek a solution through the survey and testing of hypotheses, which are constituted throughout the teaching-learning process. by the teacher/student and student/student interaction. The objective of the study is to analyze the contributions of a SEI on day and night content for the promotion of initiation to Scientific Literacy (AC) of students in the 2nd year of Elementary School (EF). The research is characterized by a qualitative methodological approach, classified as a case study. The SEI developed in a municipal school in Jataí-GO, had six activities aimed at investigation using resources such as problem-solving storytelling, observation of the Sun in the sky, experiments with one's own body and manipulation of objects, video and image reading, with the aim of encouraging students to observe and reconstruct the concepts learned empirically through their actions/reflections. Data collection was carried out through observation, annotation in the field diary, image/sound recording, and a descriptive record of the students (text/drawing). The collected data were analyzed by verifying the skills developed by the students during the SEI and identifying in their actions and speech the CA indicators (serializing, organizing and classifying information; logical and proportional reasoning; hypothesis raising, testing, justification, prediction and explanation). The observation and experimentation activities presented a greater number of CA indicators, which is acceptable due to the age group of the students (7-8 years), concrete operational phase. The theoretical framework is based on Carvalho for SEI; Sasseron for AC; Lorenzetti and Delizoicov for teaching science in EF; Bartelmebs, Boczko, Canalle and Matsuura for teaching astronomy. The educational product is the Investigative Teaching Sequence to explore day and night concepts in the 2nd year of Elementary School, containing activities, theoretical and methodological guidelines. The results suggest that SEI was able to promote the development of students' initiation to CA by identifying changes in their speeches and actions that justify the reconstruction of the concepts learned about day and night. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the formation of the active subject, capable of questioning and discussing, expanding their cultural and world universe and improving the teaching and learning of Sciences in PE.