Introdução ao conceito de equação e ao pensamento algébrico no sistema Elkonin-Davydov

Abstract

The work aims to understand the organization of equation teaching, based on the contributions of V. V. Davydov's Theory of Developmental Teaching. The focus is on the teaching and learning process of scientific concepts, based on the proposal to organize the teaching of mathematics in the Elkonin-Davydov system, whose purpose is to promote the development of students' theoretical thinking. Historical-cultural theory has been conquering space in the field of Brazilian education since the end of the 1980s. Davydov, has offered elements for us to rethink the different school subjects, including Mathematics, a specificity is the process of formation of the concept of equation, which is presented in Mathematics curricula since the first year of schooling, in the Elkonin-Davydov system, in the context of Russian basic education. The research problem is formulated as follows: from the methodological and didactic principles of the theory of developmental teaching, what changes can be introduced in the teaching of equations? To carry out the research, theses, and dissertations available at CAPES' Theses and Dissertations Bank, scientific articles, books, book chapters, textbooks and manuals for teachers were analyzed. From the analyzes carried out with these research materials, one can see the importance of organizing teaching so that, through teaching, the student can develop theoretical thinking and can make the necessary generalizations and abstractions of the object of study and the importance of introduce the concept of equation, in the early years, from the whole/part relationship within the scope of the relationship between magnitudes, such relationship happens through the development of the theoretical concept referring to the system of addition and subtraction.