Aeroporto Internacional de Brasília Juscelino Kubitschek: antes e durante a pandemia do coronavírus

Abstract

Air transport provides global, national and regional integration, bringing positive economic importance in the industrial, tourist and commercial sectors, capable of generating jobs and income. The main Brazilian airports are located in large urban centers. The highlight is the Brasília Juscelino Kubitschek International Airport, as a way of connecting, integrating and developing the Federal Capital. It is considered the 2nd largest in passenger movement in the country and has one of the largest connection centers for domestic flights in Brazil. The civil aviation sector, which had been on the rise until 2019, has suffered a sharp decline since March 11, 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). The airline sector became one of the hardest hit by the crisis due to the spread of the coronavirus in the country, first with the closure of borders and, later, with the increase in the number of cases. Given this atypical context, the objective of this work was to analyze the financial, social and tourist impact related to the number of landings and departures that were canceled due to the coronavirus pandemic at Brasília International Airport. For that, a qualitative and quantitative research was carried out regarding the COVID-19 theme and the impacts on the civil aviation sector, through scientific articles and data extracted from governmental bodies such as: ANAC, DECEA, IBGE, INFRAERO, Ministry of Labor and Ministry of Tourism. It was possible to delineate from the data of paid passengers that Brasília International Airport presented a drop of 53.24%, comparing data from 2019 with 2020, starting to have small increases from July 2020. The year 2021 was marked by the second wave of the new coronavirus, when the Brazilian health system collapsed, and the decline continued when compared to 2019 data, a drop of 37.81%; although, when compared to the 2020 data, an increase in the number of paid passengers was noticed. In 2022, stability was maintained in terms of the number of takeoffs at Brasília International Airport, showing that the civil aviation sector is slowly returning to a baseline level of stability. It is therefore concluded that, even though the sector has not expanded, the more stable the scenario is, the stronger the expectation that the number of paid passengers will increase over the remaining years. It should also be noted that the economy did not resume its activities at the same speed as the fall, therefore requiring a longer period to reach previous levels.