Modelagem ambiental e transformações no meio urbano por influência de um corredor Bus Rapid Transit: o caso de Goiânia nos anos de 2013 e 2020

Abstract

Transport issues, from the perspective of environmental, social and economic impacts, have been treated with prominence in the scientific community. This occurs because transport influences the environment and the quality of life, as in the case of metropolitan regions, which have extensive urbanized areas. Thus, the objective of this work is, from the environmental modeling, to analyze the transformations in the urban environment by the influence of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) corridor, considering the dynamics of alteration in the land cover, the surface temperature, and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. The dynamics of changes in land cover and the analysis of spatiotemporal temperature changes were analyzed through the digital processing of remote sensing images in Geographic Information System (GIS) environments. The carbon footprint assessment was carried out by adapting the hybrid DEFRA-ACV method, which brings together the strengths of the two methodologies. The results reveal the change in the urban landscape influenced by the transport corridor, the main ones being the intensification of areas covered by commercial surfaces in some points and the removal of vegetation along the corridor. Such changes in land cover also promoted changes in the Earth's Surface Temperature (TST), with the intensification of high temperatures in areas where there was an increase in paved and commercial surfaces, and a reduction in temperature where there was an increase in vegetation. The results for GHG emissions revealed that the use of BRT as a means of transport produces a smaller carbon footprint than car use, and the use of biofuels enhances this reduction.