Ferramenta computacional para análise de viabilidade técnica e econômica de microgeração fotovoltaica

Abstract

In Brazil, the first residential and commercial photovoltaic systems connected to the electricity grid emerged in 2012, driven by Normative Resolution No. 482/2012 created by the National Electric Energy Agency. Since then, the implementation of this type of systems has increased significantly. However, the representation of photovoltaic generation in the Brazilian electrical matrix is still timid, especially when considering the significant potential of solar energy existing in the country. In this context, aiming to assist in development of this technology, this work proposes the development of a computational tool, called SolarEnergy, for technical and economic feasibility analysis of residential and commercial photovoltaic systems up to 75 kWp (microgeneration) connected to the grid. Mathematical-computational modeling includes correction of solar irradiance according to azimuth and slope of the installation roof of the photovoltaic system and, in the construction of the cash flow, it considers the revenues arising from the savings in the electric energy bill in accordance with the Net Metering system regulated by the National Electric Energy Agency. From the maximization of the Net Present Value, SolarEnergy provides the optimal installation power, according to the orientation and inclination of the roof and the demand profile of the consumer. In addition, SolarEnergy provides information on: i) electricity generation, ii) Net Present Value, iii) Modified Internal Rate of Return, iv) Discounted Payback and v) sensitivity analysis of key parameters such as installed power, installation cost, electricity tariff and minimum attractive rate of return. Currently, such particularities are characterized as important differences in relation to computational tools on the market. The validation and applicability of SolarEnergy are demonstrated from case studies of photovoltaic systems installed in different locations in the city of Goiânia-GO, being: i) photovoltaic system of 1.22 kWp and ii) photovoltaic system of 3.96 kWp. Therefore, the developed computational tool proves to be of great importance for residential and commercial investors, as it helps in the decision-making process and, consequently, contributes to increase photovoltaic generation in Brazil.