Análise espacial da expansão urbana e seu efeito sobre a mobilidade, o saneamento básico e os serviços na cidade de Anápolis-GO

Abstract

Urban planning concerns not only the organization of the physical environment, but a space that shelters people and provides them with relationships with each other for various purposes such as work, leisure, health, social well-being and so on. However, with the accelerated urbanization process of cities, it becomes increasingly difficult to equate urban expansion with the uniform arrangement of essential structures. To spatially assess this set of information, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been used. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the spatial effect of urban expansion on basic sanitation, essential services and mobility in the city of Anápolis-GO. For this purpose, a conceptual approach to the production of urban space with the aid of GIS tools was initially elaborated. Then, image processing was carried out to identify the city's growth area, through the digitalization of temporal differences and the creation of growth vectors starting from the city's point of origin. Next, a vector database containing information on basic sanitation, urban mobility and urban structure was generated, and relationships of this information were established. With the expansion area delimited and the database fed, it was possible to make spatial inferences and produce maps of the expansion area, radius of coverage of structures and density maps of the intersection of mobility and urban structure data. As a result, an area of ​​urban expansion was obtained, taking into account the interval between 1985 and 2020, of 79.813 km², with the largest area in the southern region of the city, a ratio of 55.68% of the coverage of the water service treated in relation to urban expansion, and a ratio of 7.47% of the sewage coverage to the same ratio. A heterogeneous reach of the urban structure was observed throughout the growth region, however, an efficient distribution of bus stops (data considered in mobility). Thus, Anápolis-GO showed a lack of urban planning, which resulted in the lack of adequate monitoring of essential services in relation to the city's expansion. This diagnosis was only possible to be generated due to the help of technologies for the use of GIS systems, which facilitate a comprehensive spatial analysis and provide a better understanding of the urban space. Furthermore, the methodology used in this work can be used as a basis for other researches that aim to evaluate the urban territorial organization for the implementation of public policies that help urban development.