Políticas públicas para expansão da energia solar fotovoltaica: um estudo dos principais programas de incentivo da tecnologia no Brasil

Abstract

In recent years there was a significant increase in renewable energy generation and, together with significant technological advances, such scale gains have led to important reductions in the cost of this generated energy. Nevertheless, many of the renewable sources of energy are still considered alternative sources of energy, except for the energy generated from large hydroelectrics, which is already defined as a conventional source. Among the reasons that led to the adoption of bold public policies to support these sources in several developed countries, ANEEL (2010) highlights: diversification of the energy matrix; reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels for thermal plants, minimizing the risk of abrupt variations in the price of energy input; international commitment to take measures to combat global warming; compliance with greenhouse gas emission reduction targets; leadership in the development of technology for efficient production of electric power from wind, solar, biomass, tidal power, geothermal and other sources. Due to its vast territory and high solar irradiation, Brazil can considerably increase the participation of the solar photovoltaic source in its energy matrix. Some problems prevent the country from becoming a world power in this field, such as the lack of national industries for the manufacture of panels, efficient incentives public policies, and the high technological cost that makes this source less competitive. In this context, the present work aims to point out the public policies of incentives and subsidies already implemented for photovoltaic solar energy in the world and in a more specific way, in Brazil, analyzing their impacts.