Valoração multicritério e multinível com uso de geotecnologias e AHP: estudo de caso aplicado aos parques municipais de Goiânia-GO

Abstract

The increasing Brazilian urbanization intensifies the need for maintaining and creating quality urban green spaces. This research proposes the development of a multicriteria analysis model for evaluating the quality of urban parks, using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method as a decision support tool. The study focused on municipal parks and forests in Goiânia, capital of Goiás state, seeking to integrate multiple dimensions of quality of these spaces into a systematic and replicable methodology. The proposed model organizes evaluation parameters into two main indices: the Environmental Preservation Index (IPA), which encompasses environmental, conservation and management aspects; and the Public Attractiveness Index (IAP), which addresses infrastructure and accessibility. The research adopted a multicriteria and multilevel approach using geotechnologies for analyzing the 28 municipal parks officially listed by the city hall. Primary data collection was conducted through satellite image processing, while secondary data were obtained from competent municipal agencies. Results demonstrate significant heterogeneity in the quality of Goiânia’s municipal parks, with an average score of 4.39 points on a scale of 10. Only nine parks (32.1%) obtained scores above the general average, evidencing high variability in municipal parks performance. Hierarchical sensitivity analysis confirmed model stability, with an average coefficient of variation of 7.4%. As a technical product of the research, the ParkQualityAnalysis system was developed, a computational tool that materializes the practical application of the proposed methodology. The study concludes that the AHP method proved adequate for multicriteria evaluation of urban parks, allowing integration of quantitative and qualitativevariablesintoaconsistentmathematicalmodel.Resultsprovidetechnical support for public policies aimed at improving urban parks quality, contributing to sustainable urban planning and population quality of life. The developed methodology presents replication potential in other Brazilian cities, constituting a relevant methodological contribution to urban green spaces management.