O ensino de química fundamentado na pedagogia histórico-crítica: contribuições de uma experiência formativa com professoras da área de ciências da natureza

Abstract

This thesis investigated the teaching of Chemistry in Basic Education based on the foundations of Historical-Critical Pedagogy (HCP), with emphasis on the analysis of structured instructional materials adopted in public education systems and on the development of didactic- pedagogical proposals grounded in this perspective. The research problem consisted of understanding how the foundations of Historical- Critical Pedagogy can contribute to the construction of more emancipatory pedagogical practices in Chemistry teaching, based on a collective formative experience with Basic Education teachers. The study adopted a qualitative approach and was conducted as a case study in a public Basic Education school, involving teachers from the Natural Sciences area. The methodological procedures included the application of questionnaires, documentary analysis, and the implementation of collective dialogues, with data analysis carried out according to the principles of Content Analysis. The results indicate that the critical appropriation of the foundations of Historical-Critical Pedagogy, combined with the recognition of the concrete conditions of teaching practice, favors the construction of more articulated and dialectical didactic approaches, contributing to the overcoming of fragmented and excessively standardized approaches in Chemistry teaching. Collective spaces for dialogue and listening proved to be relevant for expanding the understanding of the role of teachers and public schools in formative processes, although the need for continuity and further development of these experiences in broader formative contexts is evident. As an educational product, a Didactic-Pedagogical Notebook grounded in Historical-Critical Pedagogy was developed, conceived as a support tool for Chemistry teaching guided by principles of historicity, criticality, and pedagogical mediation.