Análise Econômica da Potência do Gerador Fotovoltaico para Consumidores do Grupo A no Estado de Goiás

Abstract

Photovoltaic generation in Brazil is experiencing accelerated growth, driven mainly by government incentives and economic and environmental benefits. Currently, industries and businesses represent 7.3% of the total number of electricity consumers in Brazil and consume 52.3% of the energy generated, but in relation to the generation and consumption of photovoltaic solar energy, the group A consumer produces less than the residential consumer. When concluding a contract with the local concessionaire, the electricity consumer is placed in one of two tariff groups: Group A or Group B. Industries and businesses are usually classified in Group A and the residential consumer is classified in Group B. In this context , this work proposes a methodology to determine the power of the photovoltaic generator that will offer a better analysis of the return on investment for the group A customer considering Law 14,300/2022. The methodology for financial analysis is applied to 3 real cases of consumers in group A (Dairy, Supermarket and Printing). The methodology calculates the power of the photovoltaic solar system to “zero out” the bill, technical power and this value varies from 98% lower to 120% higher than the calculated technical power. Therefore, cash flows are created for all values found and financial indicators for analysis are calculated. Revenues in cash flow come from savings on the local utility's electricity consumption and the offset of credits obtained with electricity injected into the grid in subsequent invoices. The results found indicate the economic and financial viability for the 3 case studies in technical power. The results indicate that increasing the power of the photovoltaic solar system above the technical power value does not bring benefits in NPV, TIRM and discounted Payback.