Melhoria da qualidade da água de lagos urbanos com uso de wetland construído

Abstract

Wetland is the term that encompasses any flooded ecosystem, popularly known as swamp. On the other hand, constructed wetlands (WCs) can be man-made engineering works that mimic the basic principles that occur in wetland ecosystems; whose purpose is to act as treatment systems, whether wastewater or any liquid that contains some impurity content. The WCs reproduce in a controlled and compact way the natural environment, pre-determining the elements that make up the system and its hydraulic regime. Considering its characteristic, it was proposed the installation of a wetland built on the premises of the IFG - Câmpus Goiânia with the use of emerging macrophytes of the species Typha latifolia (Taboa), and substrate gravel # 1, to treat effluent coming from the lake of a park of Goiânia, which has proven its parameters below the determinations of the current legislation. With regard to the treatment system, its efficiency in the application rate and in the detention time chosen were verified, being, therefore, these variables direct influencing of the obtained results. Inflow and effluent quality analyzes were carried out at the IFG - Câmpus

Goiânia laboratories, culminating in a comparative study of the parameters defined for monitoring: temperature, odor, color, pH, turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved solids, chlorides, electrical conductivity, oxygen dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), plaque bacterial count and, finally, total and thermotolerant coliforms. The results show 100% efficiency over suspended solids, up to 94% for turbidity, above 70% for COD and up to 95% for plaque bacterial counts. In general, practically all parameters were obtained, with the exception for color, dissolved solids and conductivity. In short, it is proven that the use of built wetlands to urban lagoons is feasible and plausible.