CULTIVO DE CANNABIS SATIVA CANNABACEAE (LINNAEUS, 1753): MÉTODOS AGRONÔMICOS PARA A PRODUÇÃO SUSTENTÁVEL NO BRASIL

Abstract

This study addresses the cultivation of Cannabis sativa, focusing on agronomic techniques. The research emphasizes the importance of adapting cultivation practices to the country’s climatic and soil conditions, as well as integrated pest and disease management, aiming at productivity and flower quality. The cultivation cycle is divided into vegetative, flowering, and harvest stages, each with specific demands. In the flowering stage, induced by a 12-hour light and 12-hour dark photoperiod, female flowers produce trichomes rich in cannabinoids and terpenes, essential for medicinal and industrial purposes. After harvest, processes like drying and curing are crucial to preserve aromas, flavors, and bioactive properties. The Brazilian cannabis market holds great potential, especially with varieties like hemp, which is rich in CBD and low in THC. Derived products, including medicines, food, cosmetics, and materials, could generate billions of reais, creating jobs and promoting regional development. However, production costs vary depending on the method used, requiring investments in technology and partnerships. Legal challenges represent a significant barrier, limiting the sector’s growth. Reforms in legislation, inspired by international models, are essential to integrate Brazil into the global market and harness the social and economic benefits of cultivation. This work contributes to expanding technical knowledge and fostering public policies that enable the sustainable development of the cannabis industry in Brazil.