Análise de aderência dos planos de gestão de resíduos sólidos dos municípios do estado de goiás em relação à política nacional de resíduos sólidos

Abstract

The generation of urban solid waste (USW) has been increasing considerably each year in Brazil and worldwide. The Municipal Solid Waste Management Plans (PMGIRS) and Municipal Basic Sanitation Plans (PMSB) are the legal instruments for organizing waste management at the municipal level, established by the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS). This study sought to evaluate the PMGIRS and PMSB of the municipalities of the State of Goiás in relation to the PNRS. To this end, a verification matrix methodology was used to assess compliance with 19 items of Art.19 of the PNRS. The study also used the SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats) analysis, identifying strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and threats. In total, 34 plans from the 246 municipalities of the State of Goiás that made the document available in electronic format were evaluated. There is a discrepancy between the data reported in the National Sanitation Information System (SNIS) and what is made available in digital format, revealing that the average adherence to the plans was 41.34%, that is, the municipalities meet less than half of what is recommended in the PNRS clauses. The critical points identified through the verification matrix were the mechanisms for creating sources of business, employment and income, through the valorization of solid waste (clause XII) and a system for calculating the costs of providing public urban cleaning and solid waste management services, as well as the way in which these services are charged (clause XIII), which highlights the lack of recognition of waste as an economic asset with social value. The strengths included the diagnosis of waste and environmental education programs, while the weaknesses focused on the limited economic opportunities of waste valorization. The main threats included insufficient final waste disposal areas and ineffective monitoring of the implementation of the plan. Opportunities for improvement were identified in the promotion of public-private partnerships, technical training and the creation of consortia to share resources between municipalities.