Análise da viabilidade do uso do cloreto de sódio como conservante em detergentes: uma solução sustentável

Abstract

Detergents are widely used in cleaning and differ from soaps in terms of chemical composition and manufacturing process, offering greater efficiency, especially in hard water. However, many conventional detergents contain non-biodegradable surfactants and synthetic preservatives, such as triclosan and isothiazolinones, which can harm the environment and pose health risks. Considering these impacts, this study evaluated the feasibility of using sodium chloride (NaCl) as a preservative in detergents, aiming to minimize environmental effects and protect consumer health while maintaining product quality and effectiveness. To achieve this, three formulations were developed with different combinations of raw materials, replacing synthetic preservatives with NaCl, which has low toxicity and antimicrobial properties due to its osmotic action. The samples were analyzed for appearance, density, and viscosity over time to verify the stability of the formulations. Microbiological tests were conducted to monitor fungal and bacterial growth using specific culture media and controlled incubation conditions. The results indicated that the formulations showed good stability and that NaCl was effective as a thickener and preservative, preserving product quality. The samples had higher viscosity than commercial detergents, providing a competitive advantage, although adjustments are needed to avoid flow difficulties. Cleaning efficiency was not directly tested but was considered satisfactory based on the selection of raw materials and the positive results of the stability and microbiological tests. The absence of microbial growth for four months confirmed the antimicrobial activity of NaCl. It was concluded that the use of NaCl as a preservative is a viable and sustainable alternative to replacing synthetic compounds in detergents, reducing environmental impact and health risks. However, antimicrobial efficacy was only proven in the short term, suggesting the need for further research to improve long-term preservation. The developed formulations demonstrated potential for local commercialization, with the possibility of regional or national expansion if future studies confirm greater durability.