Proposta de alternativa sustentável para a substituição de sumidouros por tanque de evapotranspiração em habitações populares: Estudo de caso nas residências da Agência Goiana de Habitação (AGEHAB) em Goiás

Abstract

The lack of basic sanitation in several regions of Brazil remains a major challenge, especially in areas without access to centralized sewage networks. In Goiás, according to the National Sanitation Information System (2019), only 49.6% of the sewage generated in 2018 was treated, with the septic tank and soak pit system being the most commonly used (SNIS, 2019). However, its installation is unfeasible in areas with a shallow water table due to regulatory requirements mandating a minimum distance of 1.50 meters between the bottom of the soak pit and the groundwater level. Given this limitation, this study proposes a sustainable alternative for domestic wastewater treatment: replacing the soak pit with an evapotranspiration tank, which provides an environmentally safe and standardized solution. The study included the system's design and modeling using the BIM methodology, as well as budgeting and comparative cost analysis between the two systems. The results show that, although the evapotranspiration tank has a higher initial cost due to the use of specific materials and the need for specialized labor, its ecological viability and applicability in areas with a shallow water table make it an effective and sustainable alternative. The study was applied to public housing units developed by AGEHAB in the municipality of Ipameri-GO, ensuring that the proposed solution complies with current regulations and contributes to the advancement of basic sanitation in areas where conventional systems are difficult to implement.