Caracterização da abordagem cts em conteúdos de física moderna e contemporânea das obras do PNLD 2021

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the approach to the contents of Modern and Contemporary Physics (FMC) in light of the CTS assumptions contained in the textbooks of Natural Sciences and their Technologies of the National Program of Books and Teaching Materials (PNLD/2021). To achieve this objective, we used quantitative and qualitative approaches based on public and documentary data, as well as a detailed study of a set of works selected from the aforementioned notice. The Content Analysis (CA) technique was used to analyze the data collected in the research. The first analysis movement allowed us to verify the educational diversity of the authors recruited by the publishers to prepare the 7 (seven) specific collections of Natural Sciences and their Technologies offered in the 2021 PNLD call for proposals. The analysis of the textbooks showed that there were advances in the content covered, but it also demonstrated the need for a continuous effort to ensure that this content is presented in an accessible and important way for students. Alternatively, teacher training and the development of complementary and innovative teaching materials may prove to be fundamental to overcoming the challenges and enhancing the benefits of FMC, from a CTS perspective, in Basic Education. The results obtained indicate that the books analyzed present concepts related to FMC in clear, coherent language that is easy for high school students to understand. However, it was observed that these texts do not always contextualize the content or discuss the social and environmental impact on the construction of this knowledge. These conclusions suggest the need for a complement to FMC teaching to promote a broader and more integrated understanding of these topics from the perspective of STS assumptions.