O ENSINO DE ARTES VISUAIS NO BRASIL E REFLEXÕES SOBRE O DIA 8 DE JANEIRO: RELAÇÕES POSSÍVEIS?

Abstract

The research that resulted in the monographic text - TEACHING VISUAL ARTS IN BRAZIL AND REFLECTIONS ON JANUARY 8TH: POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIPS? - it is of a qualitative type, due to the nature of the analysis of the history of Arts teaching and the possible relationships with the crime against cultural heritage, caused by the attack by hundreds of people on architectural, artistic and cultural assets during the invasion of the National Congress in Brasília on January 8th of this year, 2023. The methodology used was bibliographic, with consultation of scientific articles on the teaching of Visual Arts, since the mid-1800s, when Brazil established the School of Fine Arts, influenced by Europe, with the highest reference BARBOSA (1989 and 2016); consultation of journalistic articles, documentaries and books about Brasília RIBAS (2005) and the event that occurred on January 8 (NERY, 2023); SILVA, TOLEDO and BILENKY (2023); VERAS and BELLO (2023). The main objective of the research was to understand the historical process of teaching Visual Arts in Brazil and reflect on the 8th of January, trying to establish some possible relationships between the sensitive, aesthetic and critical formation that Art promotes and violent action against public property and the works of art that were seen during the event. The initial hypothesis was that artistic and cultural education could contribute to the formation of more critical, sensitive and aware subjects about public heritage and the democratic exercise of rights, limiting the so-called “expression of freedom”, so that episodes such as the of January 8, 2023 are not repeated, assuming that there would be a lack of knowledge of Art, an ignorance about democratic values, about cultural processes and belonging, when pieces that make up the history and identity of Brazilian society are destroyed. To this end, a selection of articles was made, reading and recording the main historical moments of Visual Arts teaching in Brazil, represented in a timeline; then, the contextualization of Brasília and the report of experiences I experienced in exhibitions and in the restoration work of damaged pieces, carried out by the University of Brasília - UNB in conjunction with the Institute of Architects of Brazil - Federal District Department - IAB-DF. At the end of the text, I bring reflections based on the objectives of teaching Visual Arts in the training of subjects and question the possible relationships with the fact of January 8, 2023, noting that there is a fundamental importance of Art education in the cultural formation of the country, in the preservation of memory and heritage, as public and collective goods that contribute to the country's identity. Art plays an important role in the formation of subjects so that acts of violence on January 8, 2023 are not repeated; Cultural formation represents a lot about where we are, our history and a societal project for the future.