Estudo da viabilidade técnica e econômica do sistema fotovoltaico de uma residência unifamiliar

Abstract

Solar energy is obtained from the conversion of sunlight into heat and electricity, through the technologies currently available. Taking into account the vast territory of Brazil and the high incidence of solar radiation, solar energy from photovoltaic systems has proven to be advantageous, both from an environmental and financial point of view. In addition, it is a renewable and inexhaustible source of energy. One of the main positive impacts is the ability to provide electrical energy to remote areas, where there is no distribution network, enabling access to electricity in these regions. The objective of this study is to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of implementing a photovoltaic system in a single-family residence in the state of Goiás. The technical aspects will present the evaluation of the location where the system will be installed, the capacity of the system necessary to meet the demand, the type of system, and the durability to ensure that the set of equipment has a long useful life. The economic aspects present formulas for verifying savings in energy bills along with formulas for performing the analysis of the return on investment. The sizing of the photovoltaic system was carried out by analyzing two situations. The first situation involves the sizing of a residence, and the second situation involves the sizing of a residence that shares energy with other houses. Both sizings demonstrated the ability to generate the necessary energy for consumer units. The return on investment time for the two cases was also estimated, which was 4 years and 9 months with a profitability of 19% per year, and 3 years and 7 months with a profitability of 35% per year, respectively. This estimated return time was considered satisfactory, taking into account the guarantees of the equipment that make up the photovoltaic system.