Transição energética: estudo de caso em Itumbiara-GO

Abstract

The energy transition is the change from an energy matrix based on fossil fuels to a more diversified and sustainable matrix, which uses renewable and low-carbon sources. The urgency to address the issue arises considering the sudden climate changes that have been occurring in recent years, which worsened in the year 2023, considered the hottest in 125 thousand years. To accelerate the transition, it is essential to take advantage of available natural resources, such as sun, wind, water and biomass, which are abundant, free and renewable, in addition to reducing dependence on non-renewable energy sources, such as oil, natural gas and coal, which are scarce, expensive and subject to geopolitical instability, thus stimulating technological development, innovation, competitiveness and diversification of the energy sector, generating jobs, income and business opportunities. In this theme, the work aims to evaluate the state of the energy transition in the municipality of Itumbiara-GO as well as its challenges and opportunities. For this, the methodology used was a mixed approach, combining qualitative and quantitative aspects such as data analysis of articles and recent news on the topic in the city and interviews with clean energy generating companies, in addition to an anonymous questionnaire with companies from different sectors. in the city. The results showed that the city's energy matrix is predominantly composed of hydropower and photovoltaic solar energy, in addition to biomass production, which represents an advantage for the city in terms of investments and advances in the energy transition. Furthermore, there are innovations and technologies that are positively aligned with the proposed transition in the country and the city, such as the installation of a green hydrogen plant, the SPC plant and the arrival of foreign companies focused on developing sustainable technologies. The interviews and data collected revealed a concern among companies in following the transition, as well as an urgency to implement it, with the aim of increasingly reducing greenhouse gas emissions, investing in new technologies and promoting jobs in the area (in the case of generating companies).