Análise e comparação sobre diferentes formas de controle de filtros ativos trifásicos em diferentes situações do sistema elétrico

Abstract

The demand for electrical energy has been steadily growing since the discovery of this important resource. With the increasing population and growing dependence on electrical devices, there is a continuous demand for larger quantities of available power. In addition to the challenge of increasing power generation capacity, ensuring the quality of the electrical energy available for effective use is equally important. Research into new forms of energy generation has played a crucial role in the search for sustainable and efficient solutions. However, a frequently overlooked yet extremely significant aspect is the quality of the electrical energy supplied to consumers. Energy quality refers to compliance with ideal characteristics of voltage, current, and frequency, and its lack can result in problems such as voltage variations, harmonic distortion, and unwanted fluctuations. One factor that contributes to improving the quantity of electrical energy suitable for effective consumption is the mitigation of losses. Reducing energy losses in distribution systems is an appropriate strategy to increase power availability. In this context, this undergraduate thesis aims to explore ways to mitigate electrical energy losses through harmonic mitigation, which is a relatively recently discovered effect, in conjunction with the increasing use of non-linear loads. As electrical energy consumption and the use of non-linear loads continue to grow, the presence of electronic devices with electronic switches in both residential and industrial settings becomes increasingly common. These non-linear loads are one of the main sources of harmonic distortion in electrical systems. Therefore, it is crucial to find effective solutions to mitigate this problem and ensure high-quality energy distribution. In this work, we propose the use of active filters, specifically the Sinusoidal Current Control (SCC) and Multiple Second Order Generalized Integrator (SOGI) techniques, for harmonic mitigation. In addition to presenting these techniques, we also explore the necessary background to apply them, such as Clark Transforms, P-Q Theory, Frequency Locked Loop (FLL), Phase Locked Loop (PLL), providing their performance under different system conditions and other relevant knowledge for the simulation and implementation of the filters in question. It is expected that by combining these techniques and knowledge, effective harmonic mitigation and consequently a significant reduction in electrical energy losses can be achieved. This approach will not only contribute to increasing available power but also enhance the overall quality of electrical energy supplied to consumers. By addressing this issue and seeking practical and efficient solutions, this work aims to contribute to the advancement of the field of electrical energy quality, providing valuable insights and significant results. The upcoming chapters will discuss in detail the theoretical foundations and essential concepts related to the topic, to provide a solid foundation for the development and analysis of the SCC and MSOGI active filters.