Análise e experimentação de circuitos transistorizados para colheita de energia de vibrações

Abstract

Currently, the growing demand for Internet of Things (IoT) applications in the industrial environment is driving efforts to develop autonomous electronic devices to mitigate the use of batteries and other energy supply facilities. Furthermore, considering the context of energy harvesting and the importance of utilizing wasted environmental energy in a clean and sustainable manner, mini generator circuits emerge as interesting alternatives. In this context, this work presents an analysis and computational experimentation of a circuit for harvesting energy from vibrations, composed of a piezoelectric transducer PZT (lead zirconate titanate), a synthetic inductor, and a load. The objective was to investigate the potential for harnessing energy from mechanical vibrations using a parameterized circuit with low-frequency tuning. For this purpose, a computational model was developed for the energy harvesting circuit based on maximum power transfer, the circuit of the transistorized synthetic inductor was equated, and real data equivalent to the mechanical impact was acquired experimentally on a test bench. The developed circuit was then simulated computationally at low frequencies commonly associated with electrical machines and industrial environments. The simulations demonstrate that the circuit can achieve maximum and average power and store energy satisfactorily for application in environments rich in vibrations, meeting the power range demanded by some sensors in industrial environments, such as temperature, humidity, pH sensors, among others. In addition, the accumulated energy can be utilized in intermittent systems such as LPWAN, which consume energy in the mJ range during their operation, which can be advantageous for remote monitoring systems.