Lixiviação do carbaril sob diferentes condições de precipitação.

Abstract

In Brazil, the introduction of pesticides was carried out in an organized manner, accompanied by technological packages that introduced mechanization on a large scale. In 2008, Brazil assumed the position of the world's largest consumer of pesticides. According to surveys released by the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and the Agrochemical Industry Observatory of the Federal University of Paraná, presented in 2012, "while the world pesticide market grew 93% in the last ten years, the Brazilian market grew 190% ”. Carbaril with chemical name: 1-naphthyl methyl carbamate chemical formula: C12H11NO2 is a contact insecticide, with low toxicity for mammals and with a wide range of use in the most varied types of cultures. Leaching consists of the vertical movement of the pesticide along the soil profile, which occurs in conjunction with the infiltration of rainwater or after irrigation, while surface runoff occurs on the soil surface carrying pesticides and sediment through the flow of Water. Soil columns have been widely used in experimental studies to assess the leaching potential of pesticides and heavy metals. They have been used on different types of soil to check the risk of environmental pollution. Given the above, this research aimed to simulate and evaluate the leaching of Carbaryl using soil columns and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. To carry out this study, after filling the columns with soil, doses of the standard Carbaryl were applied in 2 columns of soil. After application, different volumes, 50 mm and 150 mm, of precipitation were simulated. It was observed that in the column where 150 mm of precipitation was simulated, the Carbaryl moved to deeper soil profiles in relation to the column where 50 mm of precipitation was simulated. In this column, Carbaryl concentrations were found only in its surface profile. Thus, it appears that the volume of precipitation can influence the movement of Carbaryl in the soil.