Levantamento quantitativo e qualitativo de resíduos minerais do Estado de Goiás: estudo associado à produção mineral no período de 2010 a 2021

Abstract

Mining is considered one of the main economic aspects of Brazil today, as the extracted resources are used in steel alloys, ceramic materials, civil construction, cosmetics, automobiles, fuels, electronic equipment, among others. Brazil stands out in the mining industry because it has a favorable geological environment and has a significant amount of types of ores. Among the 27 federal units in Brazil, the state of Goiás stands out as the fourth largest Brazilian state in terms of mineral operations, behind only Bahia, Pará and Minas Gerais, still having plenty of room for expansion in the sector. However, the mineral extraction process is considered as one of the most degrading activities of the environment, bringing with it impacts on fauna, flora in water bodies, air, soil, in addition to noise and visual pollution and damage to physical health. and mental. In this context, this study aims to describe the mineral profile of Goiás, with emphasis on the generation of solid waste, detailing which ores, the amount of waste and how to reuse these wastes in civil construction. In a survey on the National Mining Agency (ANM) website, in the Financial Compensation for Mineral Exploration (CFEM) collection database, separating the information by mineral produced, 381 producers who operated in Goiás in 2021 were surveyed, among individuals and legal entities, in the extraction of 47 ores. However, in the Anuário Mineral Brasileiro database, also from ANM, for the period from 2010 to 2021, information was found regarding the production of only 31 minerals. Even so, it was necessary to sanitize the database and the study focused on 15 minerals, namely silver, gold, cobalt, barium, niobium, copper, nickel, asbestos, phosphate, titanium, vermiculite and perlite, manganese, tin, aluminum (bauxite) and iron. This base allowed estimating the average percentage of residues from mineral production in Goiás at around 85.32% of gross production. The companies that worked on the extraction of these 15 minerals in 2021 were presented. A synthesis of academic studies regarding the reuse of 10 of these 15 minerals in civil construction sectors was presented. With so much mineral enterprise in the state, allied to the sector's growth potential, the state and companies must increasingly be concerned with the sustainable management of mining waste to maintain the quality of life of current and future generations. Universities and federal institutes need to be included in this process, as a link between the Public Power and the private sector, presenting appropriate solutions for society.