Estudo dos impactos técnicos resultantes da conexão de geração distribuída fotovoltaica em uma rede de distribuição de baixa tensão.

Abstract

This work aims to study the technical impacts resulting from the connection of photovoltaic distributed generation in a real low voltage distribution grid, located in the municipality of Itumbiara-GO. The photovoltaic generators were dimensioned based on real data of consumption and guarantee the self-consumption of the consumer unit. Computer simulations of a distribution network were performed using the OpenDSS program which was controlled through a computational routine programmed in Matlab. The methodology used to carry out the studies consists in the implementation of the Monte Carlo probabilistic method with the use of the programming language in Matlab that allows the creation a lot of simulation scenarios and different characteristics of cloudiness, where the connection point of the photovoltaic distributed generation is chosen. From the computational results, the impacts on the grid voltage, the voltage unbalance index, the transformer loading and the technical losses were evaluated. Considering the NP of 90%, it was found that the voltage limits were violated in 100% of the simulations of the solar irradiation scenario with a clear day, reducing to 87.3% for the scenario with a cloudy sky. The levels of imbalance remained below the limits established in PRODIST - Module 8, although an increase in these levels was observed as the number of GDFVs was connected to the network under study. The analysis of feeder loading and electrical losses showed that they increased with the growth of the photovoltaic installation. It was evident in the computer simulation studies carried out in this work that the massive insertion of photovoltaic distributed generation requires detailed analysis of the impacts on low voltage distribution networks.