Estudo dos polifenóis totais e atividade antioxidante da casca, folhas e fruto de Hymenaea stigonocarpa (jatobá)

Abstract

The use of plants with indication of medicinal use is a very common practice in the region in which is located the city of Itumbiara. The variety of plants used for this purpose is great, and they are easily found at free fairs in the city. Among them is the Hymenaea stigonocarpa (jatobá-do-cerrado). Hymenaea stigonocarpa plant are varied uses, related as: the fruit of the jatobá is populated by a yellowish powder with a strong smell, edible, with high concentrations of iron, indicated for chronic anemia; The bark of the tree is made some tea, also called "drink of life" and popularly known as jatobá, wine is stimulant and tonic. The leaf of the jatobá-do-cerrado seem a pair of lungs, which would indicate its medicinal properties in strengthening of the upper respiratory tract and cardiovascular system. Despite its use in regional cuisine, there is little information available about the Hymenaea stigonocarpa plant with regard to their essential oil and antioxidant activity of etanólicos extracts obtained from the peel and pulp of the fruit. The present work aimed to quantify the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity check the bark, leaves and fruit of Hymenaea stigonocarpa (jatobá) in order to assess the potential of utilization of this species and contribute to the chemical characterization of same. The analysis of total polyphenols was carried out with the extractive methanol: water (MA) and acetone: water (AA). Acetone/water extracts presented more total phenols content, for shell (95.04 ± 5.40 mgEAGg), leaves (66.56 ± 0.80 mgEAGg) and fruit (44.505 ± 0.22 mgEAGg) for parts of the plants studied. Acetone/water extracts of the bark (75.24 ± 4.35 mgECg) and fruit (32.95 ± 2.16 mgECg) showed higher levels of Proanthocyanidins. The antioxidant activity was determined by the stable free radical 2.2- diphenyl-1-picril-hidrazila (DPPH) by following the method described by Lima (2008). All extracts of the parties studied showed antioxidant activity, with percentage of inhibition of DPPH radical 10.63% ethanolic extract of the fruit to the ethanolic extract to 85.30% of leaf.