Avaliação do ruído ambiental gerado pelo tráfego de veículos no trânsito do Setor Leste Universitário, em Goiânia/GO, Brasil

Abstract

Noise pollution is currently one of the main forms of degradation of the urban environment, capable of causing several harmful effects to human health. Among these effects are: stress, irritability, worsening of cardiovascular diseases, sleep disorders, hearing loss and feelings of depression and fatigue. One of the main sources of environmental noise in cities is vehicular traffic. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the sound pressure levels in traffic in a region in the East University Sector, in Goiânia/GO, with the elaboration of an acoustic map and projection of scenarios for the region covered in the research. The measurements of sound pressure levels were carried out in 2018, according to the guidelines defined by the Technical Standard ABNT NBR 10151:2000. The results indicated that, in most of the study area, sound pressure levels are above the maximum limits allowed by legislation. Given this scenario, with the application of the factorial planning technique, it was evident that the factor with the greatest influence on vehicular noise was the sound emission power per vehicle. Based on this evidence, two scenarios were projected: the first with an increase in noise emissions per vehicle and the second with a reduction in these emissions. In comparison with the levels of noise pollution obtained in 2018, it was found that in the first scenario there is a generalized degradation of the acoustic quality of the study area. In the second scenario, which considers the reduction of noise emissions per vehicle, an improvement in sound quality was observed in all locations in the region under analysis. Therefore, it is proposed to adopt a public policy that is effective in promoting the reduction of individual vehicular sound power. Among these policies, there is the Inspection and Maintenance Program for Vehicles in Use, established by Resolution No. 418/2009, of the National Council for the Environment (CONAMA), as a strategy to reduce vehicular pollution levels in urban areas and contribute to development sustainable development and the well-being of the population.